Anti-NALP3

NALP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3), otherwise known as cryopyrin, is a member of the NLR (Nod-like-receptors) family. This is a pyrin-like protein, having N-terminal CARD or pyrin domains needed for homotypic protein-protein interaction, an intermediate nucleotide binding self-oligomerization NACHT domain and a C-terminal domain containing leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). NALP3 is a key component of innate immunity and its expression is restricted to immune cells and chondrocytes. It interacts with the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein PYCARD/ASC, which contains a caspase recruitment domain, and is a member of the NALP3 inflammasome complex. This complex functions as an upstream activator of NF-kappa signaling, and it plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation, the immune response, and apoptosis. Protein function: As the sensor component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP3, PYCARD and CASP1 (and possibly CASP4 and CASP5). Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1- catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu (PubMed:28847925). Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion (PubMed:22801494). The active cytokines and HMGB1 stimulate inflammatory responses. Inflammasomes can also induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death. Under resting conditions, NLRP3 is autoinhibited. NLRP3 activation stimuli include extracellular ATP, reactive oxygen species, K(+) efflux, crystals of monosodium urate or cholesterol, amyloid-beta fibers, environmental or industrial particles and nanoparticles, cytosolic dsRNA, etc. However, it is unclear what constitutes the direct NLRP3 activator. Activation in presence of cytosolic dsRNA is mediated by DHX33 (PubMed:23871209). Independently of inflammasome activation, regulates the differentiation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and has a role in Th2 cell-dependent asthma and tumor growth. During Th2 differentiation, required for optimal IRF4 binding to IL4 promoter and for IRF4-dependent IL4 transcription. Binds to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-GRRGGNRGAG- 3'. May also participate in the transcription of IL5, IL13, GATA3, CCR3, CCR4 and MAF. [The UniProt Consortium]