Other Biological Samples

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting...

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting...

The anti-CD19 CAR lentivirus product is ready-to-use, high titer lentiviral particles of anti-CD19 scFv linked to 3rd generation CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) containing CD28, 4-1BB, and CD3zeta signaling domains. The anti-CD19 CAR Lentivirus can be used to transduce nearly all types of mammalian cells, including...

The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting...

Cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the binding of viral spike protein to cellular receptor ACE2. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing...

The binding of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), a receptor expressed on activated T-cells, to its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, negatively regulates immune responses. PD-1 ligands are found on most cancers, and the PD-1:PD-L1/2 interaction inhibits T-cell activity and enables cancer cells to escape immune...

Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3, CD223) is a cell surface protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. LAG3 is expressed on activated T-cells, Natural Killer cells, B-cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Its main ligand is the MHC class II, to which it binds with higher affinity than CD4. It...

CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein), also known as CD152, is a protein receptor that functions as an immune checkpoint. It is expressed by activated T-cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T-cells. CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80...

The T-Cell Receptor (TCR) is found on the surface of T-cells and is responsible for recognizing antigens bound to MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules. Activation of the TCR results in activation of downstream NFAT signaling. The TCR consists of a heterodimer of two different protein chains, of which the...

CD47 (also known as Rh-associated protein, GP42, Integrin-Associated Protein (IAP), or Neurophilin) is an immunoglobulin-like protein that interacts with its receptor, Signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha), on macrophages. This binding interaction regulates transmigration, oxidative burst cytokine production,...

The binding of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), a receptor expressed on activated T-cells, to its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, negatively regulates immune responses. The PD-1 ligands are found on most cancers, and the PD-1:PD-L1/2 interaction inhibits T-cell activity and allows cancer cells to escape immune...

TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains, VSTM3, VSIG9) is a co-inhibitory receptor that is highly expressed in Natural Killer (NK) cells and activated CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T-cells. Interaction with the Poliovirus Receptor (PVR, CD155) on antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, recruits...