Peptides

Solid lyophilized powder. Soluble in water. Mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP), Promotes biosynthesis of the endogenous AMP analog AICAR and consequently AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Induces cellular and systemic glucose uptake and improves insulin sensitivity. Shown to prevent diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice, Potential anti-obesity and anti-aging compound.

The mammalian transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is induced during G1 phase, with expression continuing through S phase and mitosis. Thiostrepton is a natural peptide thiazole antibiotic that inhibits FoxM1 in mammalian cells, preventing the expression of FoxM1-regulated genes, which includes FoxM1 itself. Through this mechanism, thiostrepton prevents proliferation...

Malformin C is a natural fungus-derived bicyclic pentapeptide that has antibacterial properties, particularly against species of Bacillus. Malformin C potently blocks the ability of bleomycin (Cay-13877) to induce G2 arrest in human T-cell leukemia-derived Jurkat cells (IC50 = 0.9 nM). It less potently abrogates colchicine-induced M phase arrest in Jurkat cells (IC50 = 24...

Z-AEVD-FMK is an irreversible inhibitor of caspase-10 and related caspases. At 10 µM, it can prevent the initiation of Fas signaling by caspase-10 in Jurkat T lymphoma cells, preventing Bid cleavage into its active form, caspase cascade activation, and apoptosis.

Ac-LETD-AFC is a fluorogenic substrate that can be cleaved specifically by caspase-8. Caspase activity can be quantified by fluorescent detection of free AFC (also known as 7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin), which is excited at 400 nm and emits at 505 nm.

Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) is a serine peptidase of the subtilisin-type which removes tripeptides from the free NH2 terminus of oligopeptides. AAF-CMK is an irreversible inhibitor of TPPII commonly used at 10-100 µM. It does not significantly interfere with the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome. AAF-CMK also inhibits bleomycin hydrolase and...

Iberiotoxin, a peptide purified from venom of the scorpion B. tamulus, is a selective blocker of large-conductance calcium ion-activated potassium ion channels (BKCa). In single channel recordings, iberiotoxin can reversibly block outward currents mediated by BKCa in excised membrane patches from bovine aortic smooth muscle with an IC50 value of 250 pM. It is also a...

alpha-Bungarotoxin is a snake venom-derived toxin that irreversibly binds nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Ki = ~2.5 µM in rat) present in skeletal muscle, blocking action of acetylcholine at the postsynaptic membrane and leading to paralysis. It has been widely used to characterize activity at the neuromuscular junction, which has numerous applications in neuroscience...

Abz-Ala-Pro-Glu-Glu-Ile-Met-Arg-Arg-Gln-EDDnp is a fluorescence-quenched peptide substrate for human neutrophil elastase (kcat/Km = 531 mM-1s-1). Enzymatic peptide hydrolysis disrupts the Abz:EDDnp donor-acceptor pair allowing fluorescence measurement of Abz (ex = 320 nm, em = 420 nm).

Apamin is an 18 amino acid peptide toxin found in bee venom. It is a potent blocker of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK, KCa2) channels that is more effective at SK2 than SK1 and SK3 (IC50 values are 0.06-0.4, 1-12, and 1-13 nM, respectively). It is ineffective against SK4 at 1 µM. Apamin is used to elucidate the roles of these channels in cells and tissues expressing...

A-54556B is a natural acyldepsipeptide (ADEP) antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of S. hawaiiensis. Like the closely related ADEP, A-54556A (Cay-15305), A-54556B is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including penicillin-resistant S. aureus. A-54556B is also effective against many strains of anaerobic bacteria.

Enopeptin A, originally isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. RK-1051, is a depsipeptide antibiotic that contains two unusual amino acids (N-methylalanine and 4-methylproline) and features a pentaenone side chain. It is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC = 25 µg/ml), and Gram-negative bacteria, including...