Anti-GPX4 / MCSP Monoclonal Antibody (Clone: LHM 2)

Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) stabilizes cell-substratum interactions during early events of melanoma cell spreading on endothelial basement membranes. NG2 may facilitate primary melanoma progression by enhancing the activation of key signaling pathways important for tumor invasion and growth. Threonine 2256 phosphorylation of rat NG2 (threonine 2252 phosphorylation of human NG2) leads to redistribution of NG2 on the surface of astrocytomas, polarization of the cell and a significant increase in cell motility. NG2 acts as a co-receptor for spreading and focal contact formation in association with 1 integrin in malignant melanoma cells. NG2 is present on blood vessels throµghout the rat embryo. Microvessels within the rat CNS express NG2 on endothelial cells, and outside the CNS, NG2 is present on smooth muscle cells. NG2 is a novel marker for epidermal stem cells that contributes to their patterned distribution by promoting stem cell clustering. Protein function: Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins. Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide. Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (PubMed:24439385). The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis. The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures. May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells. Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion. Plays a role of glutathione peroxidase in platelets in the arachidonic acid metabolism (PubMed:11115402). Reduces hydroperoxy ester lipids formed by a 15-lipoxygenase that may play a role as down- regulator of the cellular 15-lipoxygenase pathway. [The UniProt Consortium]