Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a homotrimeric 17 KD protein, is a potent mediator of inflammatory and metabolic functions. TNF-alpha was originally detected as a highly cytotoxic cytokine for tumor cells, it causes tumor necrosis in vivo and shows cytolytic activity against tumor cells in vitro. Further, TNF-alpha has been implied as central mediator in shock induced by gram negative micro-organisms. The cytokine TNF-alpha is found to be a central mediator in many inflammatory and immunological processes: it can be induced by various products of micro-organisms and by various cytokines. It also induces on its turn the production of many cytokines. Furthermore, TNF-alpha has also been found in inflammatory foci such as synovial effusions in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic circulation in septic shock, parasitemia and rejection of renal transplants. Signal transduction occurs via two types of TNF-receptors, the TNF-receptors 1 and 2. The receptors differ strongly in their intra-cellular signaling pathways. The TNF-alpha trimer interacts with either of the two types of TNF-R leading to receptor cross-linking. Applications: Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry and Neutralization. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: Flow Cytometry: 1:50, Optimal ddilutions to be determined by the researcher. Positive Control: Monocytes/macrophages, Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.