Anti-Smad2,3 (Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Deleted in Pancreatic Carcinoma)

Smads are a family of intracellular proteins that transmit transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. The Smad family is divided into three subclasses: receptor regulated Smads, (Smads 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8), the common partner, (Smad4), and the inhibitory Smads, (Smads 6 and 7). The binding of TGF-beta or activin to their cognate receptor induces phosphorylation of Smads 2 and 3. The activated Smads associate with the common-mediator subunit, Smad4, and the heteromeric complex translocates into the nucleus to initiate transcription. Smad3, also known as Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 3 (MADH3), shares 83% amino acid identity with Smad2, also known as Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 2 (MADH2). Human Smad2 has 99% identity to mouse and rat Smad2. Human Smad3 has 99% identity to mouse and rat Smad3. , , Reconstitution:, Reconstitute the antibody in 100 µL PBS containing 0.02% NaN3. The antibody concentration will be 1.0 mg/mL. , , Applications:, Western Blot: 0.5ug/ml , Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application., , Storage and Stability:, Lyophilized powder may be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Reconstitute to nominal volume by adding sterile PBS with 40-50% glycerol and store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.