Anti-Prothrombin (Biotin)

Prothrombin (factor II, F.II) is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein produced in the liver. The concentration of prothrombin in plasma is ~100ug/ml (~1.4uM). Prothrombin is a single chain molecule with a molecular weight of 72kD. Prothrombin consists of a catalytic domain followed by two kringle structures and an N-terminal domain containing 10 g-carboxy-glutamic acid (gla) residues. These gla residues allow prothrombin to bind to membranes that contain acidic phospholipids in a calcium dependent manner. The binding to membranes is required for effective presentation of prothrombin as a substrate for activation by the prothrombinase complex, which consists of activated factor X, activated cofactor V and calcium on phospholipid membrane. Activation by prothrombinase occurs by sequential cleavage after residue Arg320 then after Arg271 to produce the active protease a-thrombin (37kD) and the byproduct prothrombin fragment 1.2 (35kD). The product thrombin further cleaves prothrombin fragment 1.2 after residue Arg155 into individual prothrombin fragments 1 and 2. The activity of a-thrombin in plasma is inhibited primarily by antithrombin and the rate of inhibition is accelerated 1000-fold in the presence of optimal concentrations of heparin. Other physiological inhibitors of thrombin in the absence of heparin include a2macroglobulin and a1antitrypsin (1-3). Factor II also plays a role in maintaining vascular integrity during development and postnatal life. Mutations in Factor II leads to various forms of thrombosis and dysprothrombinemia. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.