Anti-Hexokinase 4 (Glucokinase, Hexokinase Type IV, HK IV, Hexokinase-4, HK4, Hexokinase-D, GCK)

Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of several metabolic pathways by converting D-hexose to D-hexose-6-P. Hexokinase is an allosteric enzyme inhibited by its products glucose-6-phosphate. At least 4 related hexokinase isoforms (HXKI-III, HXK-IV also known as Glucokinase) have been cloned and characterized. Hexokinases (~100kD for HXK1-III, HXKIV lacks the N-terminal domains and is ~50kD) are outer mitochondrial membrane proteins. The N-terminus, containing the mitochondrial target sequence, and the C- terminal has high sequence homology among various isoforms. The catalytic activity is associated with the C-terminus and other regulatory functions are controlled by the N-terminus. HXK4 (mouse 465aa, isoforms 1) isoforms are produced by use of alternative promoters. The use of alternative promoters apparently enables the type IV hexokinase gene to be regulated by insulin in the liver and glucose in the beta cell. This may constitute an important feedback loop for maintaining glucose homeostasis. HXK4 isoform 2 (missing 122-138aa) and HXK4-3 (isoforms 3) containes a different N- terminus from 1-15aa (MLDDRARMEATKKEK- >MAMDTTRCGAQLLTL). Alternative names for HXK4. EC 2.7.1.1, Hexokinase type IV, HK IV, HK4, Glucokinase (Gck). Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA. Western Blot, though not tested, may potentially be used as an application. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: ELISA: 0.5-1ug/ml, Western Blot: 1-10ug/ml, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O or PBS. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.