Anti-HCN4 (Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated channel 4)

Biological rhythms (beating of the heart, circadian sleep cycles, respiration, and the release of hormones) are necessary to sustain life. Heart beating is the most reliable and rhythmic biological phenomenon. Cardiac pacemaking is produced by the slow diastolic depolarization phase of the action potential. The hyperpolarization-activated cation current (termed If, Ih, or Iq) plays a key role in the in the initiation and modulation of cardiac and neuronal pacemaker depolarization. The generation of cardiac pacemaker potentials relies on a complex interplay between at least four different types of cation channels: T- and L-type Ca2+ channels, K+ channels, and a cation channel termed If (synonymous names are Ih and Iq). The If channel has been designated as "pacemaker" channel because it reveals unique features that are believed to be a prerequisite for pacemaker activity. Recently, the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated families of ion channel proteins (HCN1-4) have been identified as the "pacemaker" channel. The amino acid sequences of HCNs predict a structure similar to that of voltage-gated (Kv) channels and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. HCNs proteins (HCN1-4) are characterized by six transmembrane domains (S1-S6), including a including a positively charged voltage-sensing S4 segment and an ion-conducting pore between S5 and S6. In the C terminus the HCNs carry a cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD), a motif found in several cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins. The core region of HCNs channels (S1 to the C terminus of the CNBD) is highly conserved, whereas the cytoplasmic N and C-termini, vary considerably in their length and share only weak sequence homology. The functional HCN, like other members of the superfamily of voltage-gated cation channels, channels probably assemble into tetrameric complexes. HCN4 (rat 1198 aa, human 1203-aa, chromosome 15q24-q25) is highly expressed at heart ventricle and atrium, brain (olfactory bulb, thalamus), and testis. Also expressed in brain. , Applications: , Suitable for use in ELISA. Western Blot, though not tested, may potentially be used as an application. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Western Blot: 1-10ug/ml using ECL., ELISA: 1:10,000-1:100,000 using 50-100ng of control peptide/well., Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.