Anti-Bradykinin / Kininogen

0.5mg/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water. Kininogen-1 (KNG1), also known as BDK or bradykinin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KNG1 gene. It is mapped to 3q27.3. The KNG1 gene uses alternative splicing to generate two different proteins û high û molecular - weight kininogen (HMWK) and low - molecular- weight kininogen (LMWK). HMWK is essential for blood coagulation and assembly of the kallikrein-kinin system. Also, KNG1, a peptide causing numerous physiological effects, is released from HMWK. In contrast to HMWK, LMWK is not involved in blood coagulation. In addition to that, KNG1 is a constituent of the blood coagulation system as well as the kinin-kallikrein system. Protein function: (1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases, (2) HMW-kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII, (3) HMW-kininogen inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin- induced aggregation of thrombocytes, (4) the active peptide bradykinin that is released from HMW-kininogen shows a variety of physiological effects: (4A) influence in smooth muscle contraction, (4B) induction of hypotension, (4C) natriuresis and diuresis, (4D) decrease in blood glucose level, (4E) it is a mediator of inflammation and causes (4E1) increase in vascular permeability, (4E2) stimulation of nociceptors (4E3) release of other mediators of inflammation (e.g. prostaglandins), (4F) it has a cardioprotective effect (directly via bradykinin action, indirectly via endothelium-derived relaxing factor action), (5) LMW-kininogen inhibits the aggregation of thrombocytes, (6) LMW- kininogen is in contrast to HMW-kininogen not involved in blood clotting. [The UniProt Consortium]