Anti-Arkadia

ring finger protein 111(RNF111) Homo sapiens The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear RING-domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. This protein interacts with the transforming growth factor (TGF) -beta/NODAL signaling pathway by promoting the ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of negative regulators, like SMAD proteins, and thereby enhances TGF-beta target-gene transcription. As a modulator of the nodal signaling cascade, this gene plays a critical role in the induction of mesoderm during embryonic development. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012], Protein function: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PubMed:26656854). Required for mesoderm patterning during embryonic development. Acts as an enhancer of the transcriptional responses of the SMAD2/SMAD3 effectors, which are activated downstream of BMP (PubMed:14657019, PubMed:16601693). Acts by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD inhibitors such as SMAD7, inducing their proteasomal degradation and thereby enhancing the transcriptional activity of TGF-beta and BMP (PubMed:14657019, PubMed:16601693). In addition to enhance transcription of SMAD2/SMAD3 effectors, also regulates their turnover by mediating their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, coupling their activation with degradation, thereby ensuring that only effectors 'in use' are degraded. Activates SMAD3/SMAD4-dependent transcription by triggering signal-induced degradation of SNON isoform of SKIL (PubMed:17591695). Associates with UBE2D2 as an E2 enzyme (PubMed:22411132). Specifically binds polysumoylated chains via SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs) and mediates ubiquitination of sumoylated substrates (PubMed:23751493). Catalyzes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of sumoylated XPC in response to UV irradiation, promoting nucleotide excision repair (PubMed:23751493). Mediates ubiquitination and degradation of sumoylated PML. The regulation of the BMP-SMAD signaling is however independent of sumoylation and is not dependent of SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs). [The UniProt Consortium] Recommended dilutions: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. ELISA: 1/40000. Not yet tested in other applications.. Cellular localization: Nucleus . Cytoplasm . Nucleus, PML body . Upon TGF-beta treatment, translocates from nucleus to cytosol. .