BD1, Human (beta Defensin-1) Control Peptide, Highly Purified

Control peptide for B0900-25 (antiserum) and B0900-30 (Affinity Purified antibody). Antimicrobial peptides are a common mechanism of host defense utilized by a variety of species, from insects to humans. Defensins are a large family of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides. They were originally identified in leukocytes of rabbits and humans. Defensins, cationic/polar peptides (30-35aa, 3-4kD), are distinguished by a conserved tri-disulfides and a largely b-Sheet structure. Defensins, expressed at the cell surface, have been hypothesized to function as a biochemical barrier against microbial infection by inhibiting colonization of the epithelium by wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. In leukocytes, these peptides are stored in cytoplasmic granules and are released into phagolysosomes where they contribute to the killing of engulfed microorganisms. The genes encoding human alpha- and beta-defensins are clustered in a contiguous segment of chromosome 8p23. Defensins are classified into two families designated alpha and beta based on distinctive, although similar, tri-disulfide linkages in the peptides. b-defensins are slightly larger and differ in the position and arrangement of 3 disulfides. In humans, six a-defensin (cryptidins), HD 1-6 (HD1-4 are also known as HNP1-4 for Human Neutrophil Peptides), and two b-defensins, HBD-1 and HBD-2, have been identified. Alpha-defensins are encoded by genes designated DEFA1-6. Human b-defensins are encoded by the DEFB1 and DEFb2 genes. HD1-4 are expressed in neutrophils. HD5 and HD6 are expressed in epithelial cells of the intestinal and reproductive tract. HD1-3/HNP1-3 make up about 30% of the neutrophil's total granule protein. The HNPs are 29-30aa long and are identical in sequence except at the N-terminal amino acid. DEFA1 and DEFA3 differ from each other only by their terminal ala and asp, respectively. DEFA2 is identical to both except that it has 29 instead of 30 amino acids. Human defensin-1 is produced from 68aa precursor (mature peptide 33-69aa) peptide. Mouse defensin-1 is produced from 69aa precursor (mature peptide 33-69aa). , Applications: , Suitable for use in ELISA and Antibody Blocking. Not suitable for use in Western Blot due to low molecular weight. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: ELISA: Coat ELISA plates at 1ug/ml., Antibody Blocking: 5-10ug Control Peptide per 1ul B0900-25 (antiserum) or 1ug B0900-30 (Affinity Purified antibody)., Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage, store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.