Apelin-12 (human, mouse, rat, bovine) (acetate)

Apelin-12 is a 12-amino acid peptide fragment corresponding to residues 66-77 of apelin and an endogenous agonist of the apelin receptor (APJ), with roles in viral immunity, digestion, cell cycle regulation, and vasodilation. It induces calcium mobilization in APJ-Galphaq16 cells expressing human APJ (EC50 = 0.18 nM). Apelin-12 inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in NP-2/CD4/APJ cells (mean IC50 = 63 µg/ml). It inhibits or stimulates the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, mitosis, and DNA repair in IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells, respectively, when used at a concentration of 0.01 µM. Apelin-12 (100-1,000 nM) induces the production of nitric oxide (NO) via PI3K and Akt signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, apelin-12 (20-100 µg/kg) increases gastric acid secretion, as well as stomach histamine synthesis and secretion, in rats. It also reduces mean arterial pressure (MAP) in rats when administered at a dose of 15 µg/kg.Formal Name: L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-methionyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine, acetate. Synonyms: RPRLSHKGPMPF. Molecular Formula: C64H103N21O14S . XC2H4O2. Formula Weight: 1422.7. Purity: >95%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A solid. Solubility: DMF: insol, DMSO: insol, Ethanol: insol, PBS (pH 7.2): 5 mg/ml. SMILES: O=C([C@H]1N(CCC1)C(CNC([C@H](CCCCN)NC([C@@H](NC([C@H](CO)NC([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC([C@H]2N(CCC2)C([C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)CC3=CN=CN3)=O)=O)=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(N4[C@@H](CCC4)C(N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC5=CC=CC=C5)=O)=O.CC(O)=O. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C64H103N21O14S.C2H4O2/c1-37(2)30-44(79-53(89)42(18-10-25-73-64(69)70)77-58(94)49-20-12-27-84(49)60(96)40(66)16-9-24-72-63(67)68)54(90)82-47(35-86)56(92)80-45(32-39-33-71-36-75-39)55(91)76-41(17-7-8-23-65)52(88)74-34-51(87)83-26-11-19-48(83)57(93)78-43(22-29-100-3)61(97)85-28-13-21-50(85)59(95)81-46(62(98)99)31-38-14-5-4-6-15-38,1-2(3)4/h4-6,14-15,33,36-37,40-50,86H,7-13,16-32,34-35,65-66H2,1-3H3,(H,71,75)(H,74,88)(H,76,91)(H,77,94)(H,78,93)(H,79,89)(H,80,92)(H,81,95)(H,82,90)(H,98,99)(H4,67,68,72)(H4,69,70,73),1H3,(H,3,4)/t40-,41-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,/m0./s1. InChi Key: PWUOUGMQUHCVDK-SBNCYDFUSA-N.