Anti-phospho-Akt (Ser473) (Rac PKa, PKBa), clone 3A34

Akt, also referred to as PKB or Rac, plays a critical role in controlling the balance between survival and apoptosis (1-3). This protein kinase is activated by insulin and various growth and survival factors, and functions in a wortmannin-sensitive pathway involving PI3 kinase (2,3). Akt is activated by phospholipid binding and activation loop phosphorylation at Thr308 by PDK1 (4) and also by phosphorylation within the C-terminus at Ser473. Akt functions to promote cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis by means of its ability to phosphorylate and inactivate several targets, including Bad (5), Forkhead transcription factors (6) and caspase-9. PTEN phosphatase is a major negative regulator of the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway (7). LY294002 is a specific PI3 kinase inhibitor (8). In addition to its role in survival and glycogen synthesis, Akt is involved in cell cycle regulation by preventing GSK3beta-mediated phosphorylation and degredation of cyclin D1 (11), and by negatively regulating the cyclindependent kinase inhibitors p27 KIP (12) and p21 WAF1 (13). Akt also plays a critical role in cell growth by directly phosphorylating the mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR (14), but more importantly through phosophorylation and inactivation of Tuberin (TSC2), an mTOR inhibitor (15). , Applications: , Suitable for use in Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: Western Blot: 1:1000, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% nonfat dry milk, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight., Immunoprecipitation: 1:200, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.