Anti-BMP-2 Monoclonal Antibody

BMP-2 is one of at least 15 structurally and functionally related BMPs, which are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily, BMPs were originally identified as protein regulators of cartilage and bone formation. However, they have since been shown to be involved in embryogenesis and morphogenesis of various tissues and organs. Protein function: Growth factor of the TGF-beta superfamily that plays essential roles in many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis (PubMed:18436533, PubMed:24362451, PubMed:31019025). Induces cartilage and bone formation (PubMed:3201241). Initiates the canonical BMP signaling cascade by associating with type I receptor BMPR1A and type II receptor BMPR2 (PubMed:15064755, PubMed:17295905, PubMed:18436533). Once all three components are bound together in a complex at the cell surface, BMPR2 phosphorylates and activates BMPR1A (PubMed:7791754). In turn, BMPR1A propagates signal by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 that travel to the nucleus and act as activators and repressors of transcription of target genes. Also acts to promote expression of HAMP, via the interaction with its receptor BMPR1A/ALK3 (PubMed:31800957). Can also signal through non-canonical pathways such as ERK/MAP kinase signaling cascade that regulates osteoblast differentiation (PubMed:16771708, PubMed:20851880). Also stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts into osteoblasts via the EIF2AK3-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway by stimulating EIF2A phosphorylation which leads to increased expression of ATF4 which plays a central role in osteoblast differentiation (PubMed:24362451). Acts as a positive regulator of odontoblast differentiation during mesenchymal tooth germ formation, expression is repressed during the bell stage by MSX1-mediated inhibition of CTNNB1 signaling. [The UniProt Consortium]