Anti-Androgen Receptor, clone r2F12

1 mg/ml in 1X PBS, BSA free, sodium azide free. Androgen receptor (AR), encoded by the AR gene and also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 (NR3C4), is a ligand-activated nuclear hormone receptor that mediates cellular responses to androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. AR functions as a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in male reproductive development, prostate physiology, and androgen-dependent signaling pathways. AR Antibody Recombinant Mouse MAb r2F12 recognizes the androgen receptor protein and enables investigation of AR expression and androgen signaling in biological samples.The androgen receptor protein contains several functional regions including a large N-terminal transcriptional activation domain, a central DNA-binding domain, a hinge region, and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain. Binding of androgen ligands induces receptor activation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation, allowing AR to bind androgen response elements within target gene promoters. Through this mechanism, AR regulates transcriptional programs that control cellular growth, differentiation, and hormone-responsive gene expression.In normal physiology, androgen receptor signaling plays an essential role in development and maintenance of male reproductive organs. High levels of AR expression are typically observed in prostate epithelial cells and other androgen-responsive tissues such as seminal vesicle and certain epithelial compartments of the genitourinary tract. These tissues rely on androgen receptor signaling to regulate cellular differentiation and secretory function.AR expression is also widely studied in cancer biology, particularly in prostate cancer where androgen receptor signaling drives tumor growth and progression. Many prostate tumors retain strong AR expression and remain dependent on androgen receptor signaling pathways. As a result, detection of AR protein provides important insight into androgen-regulated transcriptional activity and tumor cell identity in experimental models of prostate cancer.Because androgen receptor functions as a nuclear transcription factor, AR protein is commonly observed within the nucleus of androgen-responsive cells. Nuclear localization reflects the activated state of the receptor when it engages DNA and regulates androgen-responsive genes. Analysis of AR distribution and expression therefore provides valuable information about androgen signaling status within cells and tissues.AR Antibody Recombinant Mouse MAb r2F12 is designed to recognize the androgen receptor protein in research applications. This antibody supports studies investigating androgen receptor biology, androgen signaling pathways, and the molecular mechanisms regulating androgen-responsive gene expression in endocrine and cancer research.