Anti-phospho-Smad3, (Ser423/425) (SMAD family member 3, DKFZp586N0721, DKFZp686J10186, hMAD-3, hSMAD

Members of the Smad family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmits TGF-beta signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of Smads have been defined: the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), which include Smad1, 2, 3, 5 and 8, the common-mediator Smad (co-Smad), Smad4, and the antagonistic or inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and 7. Once in the nucleus, Smads can target a variety of DNA binding proteins to regulate transcriptional responses. Following stimulation by TGF-beta, Smad2 and Smad3 become phosphorylated at their carboxyl termini (Ser465 and 467 on Smad2, Ser423 and 425 on Smad3) by TGF-beta Receptor I. Phosphorylated Smad 2/3 can complex with Smad4, translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Applications: Suitable for use in Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Western Blot: 1:1000 , Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.