Purified Anti-Human TCRVgamma9 Antibody[B3]

The Vgamma9 TCR is a variant of the TCR gamma chain expressed on a subset of gamma/delta T cells. Vgamma9Vdelta2 T lymphocytes, a major gamma/delta T cell subset in humans, recognize phosphoantigens, certain tumor cells, and cells treated with aminobisphosphonates. This cell population displays cytolytic activity against various tumor cells. The gamma/delta TCR is a heterodimeric TCR complex composed of covalently bound gamma and delta chains involved in antigen recognition and the non-covalently associated monomorphic proteins CD3delta, gamma, epsilon, and zeta chains. The B3 antibody reacts specifically with human TCR Vgamma9 as designated by the Lefranc/Foster nomenclature system. Human TCR Vgamma9 is also known as TCR Vgamma2 under the Strauss, Quertermous nomenclature system. Several TCR gamma and delta chain nomenclature systems exist. In order to consolidate the various nomenclature systems, we have created charts for corresponding names across some of the most popular naming methods Protein function: V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) gamma chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Gamma-delta TRs recognize a variety of self and foreign non-peptide antigens frequently expressed at the epithelial boundaries between the host and external environment, including endogenous lipids presented by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens presented by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1. Upon antigen recognition induces rapid, innate-like immune responses involved in pathogen clearance and tissue repair (PubMed:23348415, PubMed:28920588). Binding of gamma-delta TR complex to antigen triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the CD3 chains by the LCK and FYN kinases, allowing the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of ZAP70 that facilitates phosphorylation of the scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This lead to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits the phospholipase PLCG1, resulting in calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately leading to T cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells (PubMed:25674089). Gamma-delta TRs are produced through somatic rearrangement of a limited repertoire of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes. The potential diversity of gamma-delta TRs is conferred by the unique ability to rearrange (D) genes in tandem and to utilize all three reading frames. The combinatorial diversity is considerably increased by the sequence exonuclease trimming and random nucleotide (N) region additions which occur during the V-(D)-J rearrangements (PubMed:24387714). [The UniProt Consortium]