Anti-USP15

In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide. Modification of target proteins by ubiquitin participates in a wide array of biological functions. Proteins destined for degradation or processing via the 26 S proteasome are coupled to multiple copies of ubiquitin. However, attachment of ubiquitin or ubiquitin-related molecules may also result in changes in subcellular distribution or modification of protein activity. An additional level of ubiquitin regulation, deubiquitination, is catalyzed by proteases called deubiquitinating enzymes, which fall into four distinct families. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases, ubiquitin-specific processing proteases (USPs),1 OTU-domain ubiquitin-aldehyde-binding proteins, and Jab1/Pad1/MPN-domain-containing metallo-enzymes. Among these four families, USPs represent the most widespread and represented deubiquitinating enzymes across evolution. USPs tend to release ubiquitin from a conjugated protein. They display similar catalytic domains containing conserved Cys and His boxes but divergent N-terminal and occasionally C-terminal extensions, which are thought to function in substrate recognition, subcellular localization, and protein-protein interactions. Protein function: Hydrolase that removes conjugated ubiquitin from target proteins and regulates various pathways such as the TGF-beta receptor signaling, NF-kappa-B and RNF41/NRDP1-PRKN pathways (PubMed:21947082, PubMed:22344298, PubMed:24852371, PubMed:16005295, PubMed:17318178, PubMed:19826004, PubMed:19576224). Acts as a key regulator of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway, but the precise mechanism is still unclear: according to a report, acts by promoting deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated R-SMADs (SMAD1, SMAD2 and/or SMAD3), thereby alleviating inhibition of R-SMADs and promoting activation of TGF-beta target genes (PubMed:21947082). According to another reports, regulates the TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway by mediating deubiquitination and stabilization of TGFBR1, leading to an enhanced TGF-beta signal (PubMed:22344298). Able to mediate deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated substrates, 'Lys-27'-, 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains (PubMed:33093067). May also regulate gene expression and/or DNA repair through the deubiquitination of histone H2B (PubMed:24526689). Acts as an inhibitor of mitophagy by counteracting the action of parkin (PRKN): hydrolyzes cleavage of 'Lys- 48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains attached by parkin on target proteins such as MFN2, thereby reducing parkin's ability to drive mitophagy (PubMed:24852371). Acts as an associated component of COP9 signalosome complex (CSN) and regulates different pathways via this association: regulates NF-kappa-B by mediating deubiquitination of NFKBIA and deubiquitinates substrates bound to VCP (PubMed:16005295, PubMed:17318178, PubMed:19826004, PubMed:19576224). Involved in endosome organization by mediating deubiquitination of SQSTM1: ubiquitinated SQSTM1 forms a molecular bridge that restrains cognate vesicles in the perinuclear region and its deubiquitination releases target vesicles for fast transport into the cell periphery (PubMed:27368102). Acts as a negative regulator of antifungal immunity by mediating 'Lys-27'-linked deubiquitination of CARD9, thereby inactivating CARD9 (PubMed:33093067). [The UniProt Consortium]