Anti-TMOD4 / Tropomodulin 4

Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug/ml. TMOD4 antibody detects Tropomodulin 4, a cytoskeletal regulatory protein encoded by the TMOD4 gene on chromosome 1q42.13. TMOD4 belongs to the tropomodulin family of actin filament capping proteins, which regulate actin filament length and stability by binding to the pointed ends of actin filaments. TMOD4 is expressed predominantly in skeletal and cardiac muscle, where it plays a key role in sarcomere organization and contractile function. It contributes to muscle fiber integrity by maintaining thin filament length during myofibril assembly and repair.Structurally, TMOD4 is a globular protein containing actin-binding domains and tropomyosin-binding sites that allow precise regulation of actin filament capping. It belongs to the tropomodulin family, which also includes TMOD1-3, each having distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. TMOD4 interacts directly with actin and tropomyosin to prevent filament depolymerization and elongation, thereby stabilizing the sarcomeric cytoskeleton. Co-localization studies show TMOD4 localized at the pointed ends of actin filaments in muscle cells, particularly within the sarcomeric I-band region.Functionally, TMOD4 regulates muscle development and contractile dynamics. By capping the pointed ends of actin filaments, TMOD4 controls filament length, ensuring proper alignment with myosin filaments for efficient contraction. It also stabilizes actin-tropomyosin interactions, supporting cytoskeletal integrity under mechanical stress. TMOD4 works in concert with leiomodin (LMOD) family members, which promote filament elongation, achieving balance between assembly and stabilization. In skeletal muscle, TMOD4 expression is upregulated during differentiation and regeneration.Mutations in TMOD4 have been associated with congenital myopathies and progressive muscle weakness, reflecting the protein?s essential role in maintaining myofibril structure. Loss of TMOD4 function disrupts sarcomere organization and leads to abnormal filament length regulation. Pathway involvement includes cytoskeletal organization, muscle contraction, and actin filament regulation. During development, TMOD4 expression appears in early myotubes and persists in mature myofibers, highlighting its role in muscle maturation and stability.The TMOD4 antibody from NSJ Bioreagents is an excellent reagent for studying actin filament dynamics, muscle structure, and myopathy-related cytoskeletal disorders.