Anti-TIRAP / Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein

Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug/ml. TIRAP antibody detects Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein, encoded by the TIRAP gene on chromosome 11q24.2. TIRAP antibody is used to study this adaptor protein, also known as Mal (MyD88 adaptor-like). TIRAP plays an essential role in innate immune signaling by linking Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) to downstream signaling cascades. By bridging activated TLRs to the MyD88 adaptor protein, TIRAP initiates NF kappaB and MAP kinase activation, leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This function makes TIRAP central to host defense against pathogens and an important regulator of inflammatory responses.Structurally, TIRAP contains an N-terminal phosphoinositide-binding domain that anchors it to the plasma membrane and a C-terminal Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain that interacts with TLRs and MyD88. Phosphorylation of TIRAP by kinases such as Brutons tyrosine kinase regulates its stability and interactions. TIRAP also undergoes ubiquitination and degradation, providing additional control of signaling intensity and duration.Functionally, TIRAP is essential for proper TLR signaling. Knockout mice lacking TIRAP fail to activate NF kappaB in response to TLR2 or TLR4 ligands and are highly susceptible to bacterial infections. In humans, TIRAP polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria, as well as inflammatory conditions like sepsis and atherosclerosis. Researchers use TIRAP antibody to analyze its expression and signaling roles in immune cells.TIRAP is also implicated in autoimmunity and cancer. Aberrant activation of TIRAP-dependent pathways contributes to chronic inflammation and tumor progression. Overexpression of TIRAP has been reported in leukemias and lymphomas, where it may promote survival signaling. Conversely, loss-of-function variants reduce inflammatory responses and alter disease susceptibility. Because of its dual role in host defense and pathological inflammation, TIRAP is a focus of therapeutic interest. TIRAP antibody enables exploration of these mechanisms in immunology and oncology.Experimentally, TIRAP antibody is used in western blotting to detect the ~24 kDa protein, in flow cytometry to measure surface-proximal adaptor complexes, and in immunofluorescence microscopy to track its membrane localization. Immunoprecipitation with TIRAP antibody allows analysis of TLR signaling complexes. NSJ Bioreagents offers TIRAP antibody to support research in innate immunity, infectious disease, and inflammatory signaling.