Anti-S100A4, clone 3A6H9

S100A4 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. The S100 family members have been involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100A4 is known to localize to and function in the nucleus, cytoplasm of cells and the extracellular space. S100A4 has also been shown to be associated with tumor growth, motility, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis and chemoresistance. It is a fibroblast-specific protein associated with mesenchymal cell morphology and motility, is expressed during epithelial-mesenchymal transformations (EMT) in vivo. It is an improved marker for lung fibroblasts that could be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Overexpression of S100A4 is correlated with a worse prognosis inpatients with various types of cancer. Protein function: Calcium-binding protein that plays a role in various cellular processes including motility, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and autophagy (PubMed:16707441, PubMed:23752197, PubMed:30713770). Increases cell motility and invasiveness by interacting with non-muscle myosin heavy chain (NMMHC) IIA/MYH9 (PubMed:16707441). Mechanistically, promotes filament depolymerization and increases the amount of soluble myosin-IIA, resulting in the formation of stable protrusions facilitating chemotaxis. Modulates also the pro-apoptotic function of TP53 by binding to its C-terminal transactivation domain within the nucleus and reducing its protein levels (PubMed:23752197). Within the extracellular space, stimulates cytokine production including granulocyte colony- stimulating factor and CCL24 from T-lymphocytes. In addition, stimulates T-lymphocyte chemotaxis by acting as a chemoattractant complex with PGLYRP1 that promotes lymphocyte migration via CCR5 and CXCR3 receptors (PubMed:30713770, PubMed:26654597). [The UniProt Consortium]