Anti-RANKL Antibody (Denosumab)

Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand). RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand) belongs to the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) family, and it is a type II transmembrane protein. It is expressed in T and B cells, osteoblasts, bone marrow stromal cells and others, and participates in osteoclast formation, survival and function, formation of lactating mammary glands and in regulation of the immune system. Dysfunction of the RANK-RANKL-OPG (osteoprotegerin) can contribute to bone metastasis, and other cancer types. RANKL inhibitors are seen as a promising therapeutic option for disorders that are characterized by bone loss, such as osteoporosis, and cancer. Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets RANKL and it is sold under the name Prolia. It is been approved for use in cases of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss and bone metastases.