Anti-PTPRN

IA-2/PTPRN is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family,which contains a transmembrane region,an intracellular PTP-like domain and an extracellular N-terminus. Experiments found that IA-2/PTPRN localizes to secretory granules and is exclusively expressed in neuroendocrine cells (including pancreatic islets cell). IA-2/PTPRNwas found to be a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the detection of autoantibodies against IA-2/PTPRN is commonly used as a diabetes diagnosis marker. Protein function: Plays a role in vesicle-mediated secretory processes (PubMed:24843546). Required for normal accumulation of secretory vesicles in hippocampus, pituitary and pancreatic islets. Required for the accumulation of normal levels of insulin- containing vesicles and preventing their degradation (PubMed:24843546). Plays a role in insulin secretion in response to glucose stimuli (PubMed:24843546). Required for normal accumulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain. In females, but not in males, required for normal accumulation and secretion of pituitary hormones, such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Required to maintain normal levels of renin expression and renin release. Seems to lack intrinsic enzyme activity. May regulate catalytic active protein-tyrosine phosphatases such as PTPRA through dimerization. [The UniProt Consortium]