Anti-MCM4 / Minichromosome maintenance complex component 4, clone MCM4/3041

1 mg/ml in 1X PBS, BSA free, sodium azide free. MCM4 Antibody recognizes DNA replication licensing factor 4, also known as Minichromosome maintenance complex component 4, a core subunit of the MCM2-7 helicase complex essential for eukaryotic DNA replication. The MCM4 gene encodes a nuclear protein that functions as part of the replicative helicase responsible for unwinding double-stranded DNA during S phase. MCM4 antibody is widely used as a marker of cell proliferation and replication competence in both research and diagnostic pathology settings. Clone MCM4/3041 specifically targets MCM4 and is suitable for detecting nuclear expression in actively cycling cells.MCM4 is a critical component of the pre-replication complex, assembling with MCM2, MCM3, MCM5, MCM6, and MCM7 at replication origins during G1 phase. Upon activation by cyclin-dependent kinases and DDK, the MCM complex transitions into an active helicase that drives replication fork progression. DNA replication licensing factor 4 plays an essential role in maintaining genomic stability by ensuring that DNA replication occurs once per cell cycle. Because MCM4 is expressed in cells that are licensed to replicate, MCM4 antibody serves as a sensitive indicator of proliferative activity, often labeling a broader population of cycling cells than Ki-67.In normal tissues, MCM4 expression is predominantly nuclear and enriched in basal or progenitor cell compartments where active proliferation occurs. In stratified epithelia, staining is typically observed in basal and parabasal layers, while differentiated superficial cells show reduced labeling. In lymphoid tissues, germinal centers display strong nuclear positivity consistent with rapid B-cell proliferation. MCM4 antibody is therefore useful for assessing growth fractions in a wide range of tissue types.In cancer biology, overexpression of DNA replication licensing factor 4 has been documented in many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Increased nuclear MCM4 labeling correlates with high proliferative index and may be associated with aggressive tumor behavior. Because the MCM complex is required for replication initiation, dysregulation of MCM4 can contribute to replication stress and genomic instability, hallmarks of malignant transformation. MCM4 antibody clone MCM4/3041 provides a reliable tool for studying cell cycle dynamics, tumor proliferation, and replication licensing pathways in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.Structurally, MCM4 contains conserved helicase domains characteristic of the AAA+ ATPase family and participates directly in ATP-dependent DNA unwinding. Its activity is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and interactions with other replication factors. Detection of MCM4 using MCM4 antibody enables detailed investigation of DNA replication control mechanisms, S phase entry, and proliferative signaling in both normal and disease contexts.