Anti-HLAE

HLA-E belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. HLA-E binds a restricted subset of peptides derived from the leader peptides of other class I molecules. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domains, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008], Protein function: Non-classical major histocompatibility class Ib molecule involved in immune self-nonself discrimination. In complex with B2M/beta-2-microglobulin binds nonamer self-peptides derived from the signal sequence of classical MHC class Ia molecules (VL9 peptides - VMAPRT[V/L][L/V/I/F]L) (PubMed:9754572, PubMed:18083576, PubMed:37264229, PubMed:18339401, PubMed:35705051). Peptide-bound HLA- E-B2M heterotrimeric complex primarily functions as a ligand for natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptor KLRD1-KLRC1, enabling NK cells to monitor the expression of other MHC class I molecules in healthy cells and to tolerate self (PubMed:9754572, PubMed:9486650, PubMed:17179229, PubMed:18083576, PubMed:37264229). Upon cellular stress, preferentially binds signal sequence-derived peptides from stress-induced chaperones and is no longer recognized by NK cell inhibitory receptor KLRD1-KLRC1, resulting in impaired protection from NK cells (PubMed:12461076). Binds signal sequence-derived peptides from non-classical MHC class Ib HLA-G molecules and acts as a ligand for NK cell activating receptor KLRD1-KLRC2, likely playing a role in the generation and effector functions of adaptive NK cells and in maternal- fetal tolerance during pregnancy (PubMed:9754572, PubMed:30134159, PubMed:37264229). Besides self-peptides, can also bind and present pathogen-derived peptides conformationally similar to VL9 peptides to alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on unconventional CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells, ultimately triggering antimicrobial immune response (PubMed:16474394, PubMed:30087334, PubMed:20195504, PubMed:34228645). Presents HIV gag peptides (immunodominant KAFSPEVIPMF and subdominant KALGPAATL epitopes) predominantly to CD8-positive T cell clones expressing a TRAV17-containing TCR, triggering HLA-E-restricted T cell responses (PubMed:34228645). Presents mycobacterial peptides to HLA-E- restricted CD8-positive T cells eliciting both cytotoxic and immunoregulatory functions (PubMed:20195504, PubMed:35705051). [The UniProt Consortium] Recommended dilutions: WB 1:500-2000 ELISA 1:5000-20000. Cellular localization: Cell membrane , Single-pass type I membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane ., [Soluble HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E]: Secreted .