Anti-ERK2 Rabbit (Clone RM483)

ERK2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase and an essential component of the MAP kinase signaling cascade. It is composed of a glycine-rich loop, hinge region, and protein kinase domain containing a catalytic HRD motif, activation segment, and kinase insert domain. ERK2 is ubiquitously expressed with higher levels in the brain and hematopoietic cells. It localizes to the cytosol anchored to MEK1/2. Upon extracellular stimulation with mitogens, growth factors, or cytokines, the MAP kinase signaling cascade is initiated and terminates with phosphorylation of ERK2 in the activation segment's activation lip at Tyr204 or Tyr187 by MEK1/2. Upon activation, ERK2 phosphorylates and activates substrates in the cytosol or various subcellular compartments, including the nucleus, where they induce activation of transcription factors involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and the stress response. Misregulation of the MAP kinase cascade drives the development of various cancers. Cayman's ERK2 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Clone RM483) can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) applications.. Cross reactivity: (+) ERK2: . (+) Human: (+) mouse, (+) rat.. Protein function: Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC), as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1 and FXR1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, DCC, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade. Mediates phosphorylation of TPR in response to EGF stimulation. May play a role in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Phosphorylates PML and promotes its interaction with PIN1, leading to PML degradation. Phosphorylates CDK2AP2. [The UniProt Consortium]