Anti-CD49d Antibody[R1-2], Functional Grade

CD49d is a 150 kD glycoprotein, also known as alpha4 integrin or VLA-4 alpha chain. It is a member of the integrin family, expressed on T and B cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, thymocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells. CD49d is a heterodimer expressed with either of two beta chains, beta1 (CD29) or beta7, to form the VLA-4 (integrin alpha4beta1) or LPAM-1 (integrin alpha4beta7) complexes. CD49d plays a critical role in adhesion and T cell costimulation. The primary ligands for CD49d are VCAM-1, MAdCAM-1, and fibronectin. None (Azide-Free,Low Endotoxin) are perfectly suited to be used in culture or in vivo (for nonhuman studies) for functional assays blocking, neutralizing, activation or depletion where the presence of azide may damage cells or exogenous endotoxin may signal or activate cells. Protein function: Integrins alpha-4/beta-1 (VLA-4 or LPAM-2) and alpha-4/beta-7 (LPAM-1) are receptors for fibronectin. They recognize one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. They are also receptors for VCAM1. Integrin alpha-4/beta-1 recognizes the sequence Q-I-D-S in VCAM1. Integrin alpha-4/beta-7 is also a receptor for MADCAM1. It recognizes the sequence L-D-T in MADCAM1. On activated endothelial cells integrin VLA-4 triggers homotypic aggregation for most VLA-4-positive leukocyte cell lines. It may also participate in cytolytic T-cell interactions with target cells. ITGA4:ITGB1 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and may act as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling. ITGA4:ITGB1 binds to PLA2G2A via a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and this induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1. Integrin ITGA4:ITGB1 represses PRKCA-mediated L-type voltage-gated channel Ca(2+) influx and ROCK-mediated calcium sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells via its interaction with SVEP1, thereby inhibiting vasocontraction (PubMed:35802072) [The UniProt Consortium]