Anti-CD278 Antibody[C398.4A], Functional Grade

ICOS, also known as inducible costimulatory molecule and H4, is a 47-57 kD protein. This protein is homologous to the CD28/CTLA-4 proteins. ICOS is expressed on activated T cells and a subset of thymocytes. It is able to costimulate T cells proliferation. In addition, ICOS is involved in humoral immune responses (B cell germinal center formation). The ICOS ligand is B7h/B7RP-1 or B7-H2. ICOS stimulation has been shown to potentiate TCR-mediated IL-4 and IL-10 production and has been proposed to play a role in Th2 cell development. None (Azide-Free,Low Endotoxin) are perfectly suited to be used in culture or in vivo (for nonhuman studies) for functional assays blocking, neutralizing, activation or depletion where the presence of azide may damage cells or exogenous endotoxin may signal or activate cells. Protein function: Stimulatory receptor expressed in activated or antigen-experienced T-cells that plays an important role in the immune response (PubMed:11343123). Upon binding to its ligand ICOSL expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs), delivers costimulatory signals that enhances all basic T-cell responses to a foreign antigen, namely proliferation, secretion of lymphokines including IL10, up-regulation of molecules that mediate cell-cell interaction, and effective help for antibody secretion by B-cells (PubMed:10657606). Also acts as a costimulatory receptor critical for the differentiation of T follicular regulatory cells upon immune challenges such as viral infection (PubMed:36754569). Mechanistically, potentiates TCR-induced calcium flux by augmenting PLCG1 activation and actin remodeling (PubMed:27693916). In addition, activates PI3K signaling pathways independently of calcium flux (PubMed:19915142, PubMed:27693916). Essential both for efficient interaction between T and B-cells and for normal antibody responses to T-cell dependent antigens. Prevents the apoptosis of pre-activated T-cells. Plays a critical role in CD40-mediated class switching of immunoglobin isotypes (PubMed:11343122) [The UniProt Consortium]