Anti-CD14 Monoclonal Antibody

The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) is a member of the CD system. It takes its name from its inclusion in the CD molecule surface marker proteins. CD14 exists in two forms: a form anchored into the membrane or a soluble form. CD14 was found expressed in macrophages, neutrophil granulocyte and dendritic cells. The major function is to serve as a co-receptor (along with TLR4 and MD-2) for the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Protein function: Coreceptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (PubMed:1698311, PubMed:23264655). In concert with LBP, binds to monomeric lipopolysaccharide and delivers it to the LY96/TLR4 complex, thereby mediating the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:20133493, PubMed:22265692, PubMed:23264655). Acts via MyD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:8612135). Acts as a coreceptor for TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer in response to diacylated lipopeptides and for TLR2:TLR1 heterodimer in response to triacylated lipopeptides, these clusters trigger signaling from the cell surface and subsequently are targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway (PubMed:16880211). Binds electronegative LDL (LDL(-)) and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL(-) (PubMed:23880187). [The UniProt Consortium]