Latent TGF-beta1 (human, recombinant)

Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a multifunctional cytokine and member of the TGF-beta superfamily. It is an extracellular dimeric protein that is produced by multiple cell types, including macrophages, platelets, neutrophils, regulatory T cells, and renal tubular cells, and is the most abundantly expressed isoform of TGF-beta. TGF-beta1 is expressed as a proprotein that is cleaved in the Golgi to form a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and mature TGF-beta1. LAP and TGF-beta1 remain non-covalently bound until mature TGF-beta1 is released from latency by various proteins, including matrix metalloproteinases and plasmin, to regulate immune function, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell proliferation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) papain-like protease induces TGF-beta1-dependent type I collagen production, a marker of pulmonary fibrosis, in A549 cells and mouse lung. Expression of constitutively active TGF-beta1 induces Alzheimer's disease-like cerebrovascular stiffness and vascular hypertrophy in mice. Serum and urine levels of TGF-beta1 are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cayman's TGF-beta1 (human, recombinant) protein can be used for ELISA, Western blot, and cell-based assay applications. The LAP-bound form of this protein consists of 370 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 42.4 kDa. By SDS-PAGE, under reducing conditions, the apparent moleular mass of the protein is 16, 38, and 55 kDa for mature TGF-beta1, LAP, and LAP-bound TGF-beta1, respectively, due to glycosylation.Synonyms: CED, DPD1, TGFB. Purity: >95% estimated by SDS-PAGE. Source: Recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged TGF-beta1 expressed in HEK293 cells. Amino Acids: 1-390 (full length). MW: 42.4 kDa for LAP-bound TGF-beta1. Formulation: (Request formulation change), Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4, 5% trehalose, 5% mannitol.