IL-17 (human), animal-free recombinant

Product Description: Originally identified as IL-17 and now referred to as IL-17A, this protein is a homodimer consisting of two 136 amino acid chains. It is released by activated T-cells and acts on stromal cells, triggering the production of proinflammatory and hematopoietic bioactive molecules. Today, IL-17 encompasses a family of structurally-related cytokines with a highly conserved C-terminal region. However, they vary in their N-terminal regions and exhibit distinct biological functions. The family includes six members known as IL-17A through IL-17F, all of which are secreted as homodimers. Of note, IL-17A demonstrates bioactivity across species, showing effectiveness in both Human and murine cells. The recombinant Human IL-17A is a 31.3 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer composed of two 137 amino acid polypeptide chains. . Amino acid sequence: MIVKAGITIP RNPGCPNSED KNFPRTVMVN LNIHNRNTNT NPKRSSDYYN RSTSPWNLHR NEDPERYPSV IWEAKCRHLG CINADGNVDY HMNSVPIQQE ILVLRREPPH CPNSFRLEKI LVSVGCTCVT PIVHHVA. Endotoxin concentration: <0.1 EU/µg. Activity: Measured by its ability to induce IL-6 production by NHDF cells using a concentration range of 0.5-1.5 ng/ml. Contains no preservative. Protein function: Effector cytokine of innate and adaptive immune system involved in antimicrobial host defense and maintenance of tissue integrity (PubMed:24120361). Signals via IL17RA-IL17RC heterodimeric receptor complex, triggering homotypic interaction of IL17RA and IL17RC chains with TRAF3IP2 adapter. This leads to downstream TRAF6-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and MAPkinase pathways ultimately resulting in transcriptional activation of cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides and matrix metalloproteinases, with potential strong immune inflammation (PubMed:19825828, PubMed:21350122, PubMed:17911633, PubMed:18684971, PubMed:8676080, PubMed:24120361). Plays an important role in connecting T cell-mediated adaptive immunity and acute inflammatory response to destroy extracellular bacteria and fungi. As a signature effector cytokine of T-helper 17 cells (Th17), primarily induces neutrophil activation and recruitment at infection and inflammatory sites. In airway epithelium, mediates neutrophil chemotaxis via induction of CXCL1 and CXCL5 chemokines. In secondary lymphoid organs, contributes to germinal center formation by regulating the chemotactic response of B cells to CXCL12 and CXCL13, enhancing retention of B cells within the germinal centers, B cell somatic hypermutation rate and selection toward plasma cells. Effector cytokine of a subset of gamma-delta T cells that functions as part of an inflammatory circuit downstream IL1B, TLR2 and IL23A-IL12B to promote neutrophil recruitment for efficient bacterial clearance. Effector cytokine of innate immune cells including invariant natural killer cell (iNKT) and group 3 innate lymphoid cells that mediate initial neutrophilic inflammation. Involved in the maintenance of the integrity of epithelial barriers during homeostasis and pathogen infection (PubMed:21350122). Upon acute injury, has a direct role in epithelial barrier formation by regulating OCLN localization and tight junction biogenesis. As part of the mucosal immune response induced by commensal bacteria, enhances host's ability to resist pathogenic bacterial and fungal infections by promoting neutrophil recruitment and antimicrobial peptides release. In synergy with IL17F, mediates the production of antimicrobial beta-defensins DEFB1, DEFB103A, and DEFB104A by mucosal epithelial cells, limiting the entry of microbes through the epithelial barriers. Involved in antiviral host defense through various mechanisms. Enhances immunity against West Nile virus by promoting T cell cytotoxicity. May play a beneficial role in influenza A virus (H5N1) infection by enhancing B cell recruitment and immune response in the lung. Contributes to influenza A virus (H1N1) clearance by driving the differentiation of B-1a B cells, providing for production of virus- specific IgM antibodies at first line of host defense. [The UniProt Consortium]