Recombinant Cytokines

IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 family of regulatory cytokines which includes IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Members of this family share partial homology in their aa sequences, but they are dissimilar in their biological functions. Produced by T lymphocytes, IL-22 inhibits IL-4 production by Th2 cells,...

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a growth and differentiation factor that participates in the regulation of neurogenesis, osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. Produced by activate T cells, monocytes and Kaposi's sarcoma cells, OSH can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. It stimulates the...

TPO is a lineage specific growth factor, produced in the liver, kidney and skeletal muscle. It stimulates the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes, and promotes increased circulating levels of platelets in vivo. TPO signals through the c-mpl receptor and acts as an important regulator of circulating...

The MCP proteins belong to the CC chemokine family, and signal through CCR2 and, with the exception of MCP-1, other CCR receptors. The MCP proteins chemoattract and activate monocytes, activated T cells, basophils, NK cells, and immature dendritic cells. The MCP family cross reacts across species. Recombinant murine...

SDF-1a and b are stromal derived CXC chemokines, and signal through the CXCR4 receptor. SDF-1a and b chemoattract B and T cells, and have been shown to induce migration of CD34+ stem cells. Additionally, the SDF-1 proteins exert HIV suppressive activity in cells expressing the CXCR4 receptor. Recombinant rat SDF-1...

GDNF is a disulfide-linked homodimeric neurotrophic factor structurally related to Artemin, Neurturin and Persephin. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot superfamily of growth factors that assume stable dimeric protein structures. GDNF signals through a multicomponent receptor system, composed of a RET and one...

VEGF-D, a member of the VEGF/PDGF family of structurally related proteins, is a potent angiogenic cytokine. It promotes endothelial cell growth, promotes lymphangiogesis, and can also affect vascular permeability. VEGF-D is highly expressed in the lung, heart, small intestine and fetal lung, and at lower levels in...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute a subfamily within the TGF-beta superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Members of this superfamily are widely distributed throughout the body and are involved in diverse physiological processes during both pre- and postnatal life. Like BMP-7, BMP-4 is...

TGF-beta family members are key modulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, and apoptosis. As implied by their name, BMPs initiate, promote, and regulate the development, growth and remodeling of bone and cartilage. In addition to this role, BMPs are also involved in prenatal development and...

Activin A is a TGF-beta family member that exhibits a wide range of biological activities including regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, and promotion of neuronal survival. Elevated levels of Activin A in human colorectal tumors and in postmenopausal women have been implicated in colorectal and...

IL-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival and gene expression. Produced by mast cells, T cells and bone marrow stromal cells, IL-4 regulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into helper Th2 cells, characterized by their...

Human IL-31 is a T-cell derived cytokine that shares several structural and functional characteristics with IL-6, Oncostatin M, LIF, and Cardiotrophin-1. It signals through a receptor complex comprised of GPL (GP130-like, IL-31RA) and OSMR (Oncostatin M receptor). GPL/OSMR signaling is a strong activator of STAT3...