TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate, Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Ac

Most commonly-used phorbol ester. Binds to and activates protein kinase C (PKC) at nM concentrations. Induces cell growth arrest through a variety of pathways including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways mediated by cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors such as p21WAF1/CIP1, p27KIP1, p15 and p16. Potent mouse skin tumor promoter. Promoter of inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS II). Apoptosis inducer. Potential effective cancer therapeutic agent. Inhibitor of anti-lipolytic activity of insulin. Synonyms: PMA, TPA, 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, CAS Number: 16561-29-8, Molecular Formula: C36H56O8, Molecular Weight: 616.80, Appearance: Supplied as a white to off-white solid. Purity: >99% (HPLC), Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, methanol, 100% ethanol, acetone, ether or dimethylformamide, almost insoluble in aqueous buffers. Storage and Stability: Powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 1 year after receipt at -20°C. Reconstitute with DMSO, methanol, 100% ethanol, acetone, ether or dimethylformamide. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 6 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Protect from light.