Rhein

Rhein is an anthraquinone derivative that has been found in R. rhabarbarum and a metabolite of diacerein (Cay-11710) that has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. It induces cell cycle arrest at the S phase and inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 cells when used at concentrations of 40 and 100 µM, respectively. Rhein (100 and 200 µM) also inhibits proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435s breast cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. It reduces controlled cortical impact-induced decreases in catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, and glutathione disulfide levels in the brain in a rat model of traumatic brain injury when administered at a dose of 12 mg/kg. Rhein (50 mg/kg per day) reduces increased serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and amylase levels, as well as reduces pancreatic glandular atrophy and fibrosis, in a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis induced by cerulein.Formal Name: 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid. CAS Number: 478-43-3. Synonyms: NSC 38629, Rheic Acid. Molecular Formula: C15H8O6. Formula Weight: 284.2. Purity: >95%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: DMSO: 15 mg/ml, DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1): 0.5 mg/ml. lambdamax: 231, 258, 431 nm. SMILES: O=C1C2=C(C=C(C(O)=O)C=C2O)C(C3=CC=CC(O)=C31)=O. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C15H8O6/c16-9-3-1-2-7-11(9)14(19)12-8(13(7)18)4-6(15(20)21)5-10(12)17/h1-5,16-17H,(H,20,21). InChi Key: FCDLCPWAQCPTKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N.