Imidazole Propionate

Imidazole propionate is a metabolite of histidine. It is formed from histidine via a urocanate intermediate in gut microbiota by urocanate reductase (urdA). Imidazole propionate (100 µM) decreases protein levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, and phosphorylated Akt and increases levels of the mTORC1 activation marker phosphorylated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) in primary mouse hepatocytes. It induces deficits in glucose tolerance in germ-free and conventionally raised mice when administered at doses of 500 and 100 µg/animal, respectively. It also prevents reductions in blood glucose levels induced by metformin (Cay-13118) in mice. Plasma levels of imidazole propionate are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes.Formal Name: 1H-imidazole-5-propanoic acid. CAS Number: 1074-59-5. Synonyms: Deamino-histidine, Imidazolepropionic Acid, NSC 66737. Molecular Formula: C6H8N2O2. Formula Weight: 140.1. Purity: >95%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: PBS (pH 7.2): 5 mg/ml. SMILES: O=C(CCC1=CN=CN1)O. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C6H8N2O2/c9-6(10)2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10). InChi Key: ZCKYOWGFRHAZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N.