Harmalol (hydrochloride hydrate)

Harmalol is a beta-carboline alkaloid and an active metabolite of harmaline that has been found in P. harmala and has diverse biological activities. It is an inhibitor of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A, IC50 = 0.63 µM) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A, IC50 = 0.66 µM). It is selective for DYRK1A over Cdk1, Cdk5, CK1alpha1, Clk4, DYRK2, Pim-1, and GSK3beta but also inhibits DYRK1B and Clk1 at 10 µM. It inhibits proliferation of H4 human glioblastoma cells (IC50s = 23.7 µM). Harmalol (0.5-12.5 µM) reduces increases in the levels of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP1A1 induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in HepG2 cells and prevents TCDD-induced activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in guinea pig hepatic cytosolic extracts. It reduces glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC12 cells when used at a concentration of 25 µM. This product is also available as an analytical reference standard (Cay-35145).Formal Name: 4,9-dihydro-1-methyl-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-ol, monohydrochloride, dihydrate. CAS Number: 6028-00-8. Synonyms: 11-hydroxy Harmalan, Harmidol. Molecular Formula: C12H12N2O . HCl [2H2O]. Formula Weight: 272.7. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A solid. Solubility: DMF: 10 mg/ml, DMSO: 1 mg/ml, Ethanol: 2 mg/ml, PBS (pH 7.2): insol. lambdamax: 216, 386 nm. SMILES: OC1=CC=C2C(NC3=C2CCN=C3C)=C1.Cl.O.O. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C12H12N2O.ClH.2H2O/c1-7-12-10(4-5-13-7)9-3-2-8(15)6-11(9)14-12,,,/h2-3,6,14-15H,4-5H2,1H3,1H,2*1H2. InChi Key: OYKGNQNESCZSHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N. Origin: Plant/Unspecified sp..