Gemcitabine (hydrochloride)

Gemcitabine is an active metabolite of the gemcitabine prodrugs NUC-1031 (Cay-9003247) and gemcitabine elaidate (Cay-28303) and a prodrug form of gemcitabine di- and triphosphates. Gemcitabine is phosphorylated by intracellular kinases to the intermediate metabolite gemcitabine monophosphate (Cay-31726) and the active di- and triphosphate forms. It is cytotoxic to HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (IC50s = 5.2 and 16 nM, respectively) and inhibits tumor growth in various breast, colon, lung, and pancreatic cancer mouse xenograft models. Gemcitabine (12 mg/kg) sensitizes tumors to antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), decreases the number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs), and increases survival in an MC-38 syngeneic mouse model of colon carcinoma. Formulations containing gemcitabine have been used in the treatment of cancer.Formal Name: 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-cytidine, monohydrochloride. CAS Number: 122111-03-9. Synonyms: DDFC, dFdC, LY 188011. Molecular Formula: C9H11F2N3O4 . HCl. Formula Weight: 299.7. Purity: >98%. Formulation: (Request formulation change), A crystalline solid. Solubility: PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml. lambdamax: 272 nm. SMILES: OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)C(F)(F)[C@@H]1O.Cl. InChi Code: InChI=1S/C9H11F2N3O4.ClH/c10-9(11)6(16)4(3-15)18-7(9)14-2-1-5(12)13-8(14)17,/h1-2,4,6-7,15-16H,3H2,(H2,12,13,17),1H/t4-,6-,7-,/m1./s1. InChi Key: OKKDEIYWILRZIA-OSZBKLCCSA-N.