Superoxide Dismutase, Cu,Zn, Control Peptide (SOD1, Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase, Super

Highly reactive and potentially dangerous reactive oxygen species ROS) are normally produced within the cells, primarily from the mitochondrial respiratory chain where in excess electrons are donated to molecular oxygen (o2) to generate peroxide anion (O2-)Superoxide anion is reduced by the superoxide dismutase SOD) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrogen peroxide is reduced to water (H2O) by catalase, located primarily in the peroxisomes, and by glutathione peroxidase (GPx), located in the mitochondria and cytosol. Hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of transitions metals, can be converted to the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (OH.) and all three of the ROS (O2-, H2O2, and OH.) can damage macromolecules (proteins, DNA etc). The GPxs are commonly considered the most important for ROS defense since they have broader substrate specificities and stronger affinity for H2O2 than catalases. Copper (Cu) is an essential metal that is required for normal physiological activities. It is also highly toxic. Therefore. It must be transported in non-reactive forms as it moves through the cellular compartments. The metallochaperone protein would deliver the Cu to acceptor protein such as Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). The human Cu-Chaperone protein for SOD CCS) is a homolog of yeast protein Lys7. CCS (human 274aa, chromosome 11q13) is 47% identical with SOD1. The metal binding regions are more conserved between CCS and SOD1. CCS and SOD1 are distributed in an identical pattern throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus of mammalian cells. CCS protein is homodimer and heterodimer with SOD1. CCS binds 2 copper ion and 1 zinc per subunit. It also contains 1 HMA domain. , Source:, 15aa peptide near the C-terminus of mouse CCS protein gene (accession #Q9WU84), Molecular Weight: ~3kD, Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Antibody Blocking. Not suitable for use in Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: ELISA: 5-10ug/1ug/ml of affinity pure IgG or 1ul antiserum, Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile buffer or ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.