Peptides

Adipokinetic hormone is a peptide derivative of adipokinetic hormones, which are insect neuropeptides that regulate metabolism. InChI:...

Teduglutide is a peptide agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (GLP-2R) and a derivative of human GLP-2 that contains a glycine instead of alanine in position 2. It selectively induces GLP-2R- over GLP-1R-mediated transcriptional activity in reporter assays using HEK293 cells (EC50s = 0. and >1,000 nM,...

A fluorogenic caspase-8/granzyme B substrate containing the acetyl (Ac) moiety.

alpha-Bungarotoxin is a snake venom-derived toxin that irreversibly binds nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Ki = ~2.5 µM in rat) present in skeletal muscle, blocking action of acetylcholine at the postsynaptic membrane and leading to paralysis. It has been widely used to characterize activity at the neuromuscular...

Furin is a proprotein convertase, converting precursor proteins to functional proteins within the Golgi/trans-Golgi secretory pathway. Furin inhibitor I is a selective, irreversible, and cell-permeable competitive inhibitor of proprotein convertases, including furin/SPC1 (Ki = ~1 nM), SPC2/PC2 (Ki = 0.36 nM),...

Z-VDVAD-FMK is a peptide caspase-2 inhibitor. Intravitreal injection of Z-VDVAD-FMK (4,000 ng/ml) reduces optic nerve crushing-induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in rats. It also prevents endothelial cell apoptosis in a dog model of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced chronic cerebral vasospasm. InChI:...

Gly-Pro-Glu is a peptide antagonist of the NMDA receptor (IC50 = 170 µM). It potentiates potassium-induced release of acetylcholine (ACh, Cay-23829) in rat cortical slices and dopamine (Cay-36532, Cay-21992) in rat striatal slices when used at concentrations of 0. and 10 nM. Gly-Pro-Glu (100 µM) increases the...

Z-VEID-FMK is a peptide inhibitor of caspase-3 and -6 (apparent IC50s = 45. and 128. nM, respectively). It decreases lamin cleavage induced by caspase-6 in a cell-free assay (IC50 = 45 µM). Z-VEID-FMK (160 µM) decreases apoptosis in primary human erythroblasts cultured in erythropoietin-deficient media. It increases...

IDR 1018 is an antibacterial peptide. It is active against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (MICs = 19 and 5 µg/ml, respectively). IDR 1018 (20 µg/ml) decreases TNF-alpha secretion induced by LPS in isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It reduces biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, S....

Orexin A is a 33 amino acid hypothalamic neuropeptide with a role in appetite regulation, wakefulness, locomotor activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity, and pain thresholds. Orexin signaling is activated by nutrient depletion, causing an increase in food intake by delaying the signals of satiety. It...