Recombinant Rat TNF alpha

Recombinant Rat Tumor Necrosis Factor is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Leu80-Leu235 is expressed. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha, TNFSF2) is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. Rat TNF-alpha consisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 179 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, rat TNF-alpha shares 94% aa sequence identity with mouse. TNF-alpha is produced by a wide variety of immune, epithelial, endothelial, and tumor cells. TNF exists as a homotrimer and interacts with SPPL2B. TNF is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. TNF is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders. It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes throught its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism. Protein Function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance (By similarity). Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6 (By similarity). Promotes osteoclastogenesis and therefore mediates bone resorption (By similarity) , The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells [The Uniprot Consortium]