IGF-LR3 (human), animal-free recombinant

The IGFs, or insulin-like growth factors, are polypeptide growth factors known for their ability to stimulate the proliferation and survival of various cell types, including those found in muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue when studied in vitro. While primarily synthesized in the liver, different tissues produce IGFs at specific times. Belonging to the Insulin gene family, which also includes insulin and relaxin, IGFs share structural and functional similarities with insulin but exhibit significantly greater growth-promoting activity. IGF-II expression is influenced by placenta lactogen, while growth hormone regulates IGF-I expression. Both IGF-I and IGF-II signal through the tyrosine kinase type I receptor (IGF-IR), though IGF-II can also utilize the IGF-II/Mannose-6-phosphate receptor pathway. Mature IGFs are formed through proteolytic processing of inactive precursor proteins, which contain N-terminal and C-terminal propeptide regions. Recombinant Human IGF-I and IGF-II are globular proteins composed of 70 and 67 amino acids, respectively, and each contains three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. IGF-I LR3, a recombinant analog of Human IGF-I, features the complete IGF-I sequence with an Arginine substitution for the third position Glutamic acid, as well as a 13-amino acid N terminus peptide extension. Engineered for enhanced biological potency in vitro, IGF-I LR3 boasts an extended half-life and reduced binding affinity to native proteins within the body, making it well-suited for both research purposes and large-scale culturing. Recombinant Human IGF-I LR3 is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain weighing 9.1 kDa and consisting of 83 amino acid residues. Product Specifications Species Human Published Species Human Expression System E.coli Amino Acid Sequence MFPAMPLSSL FVNGPRTLCG AELVDALQFV CGDRGFYFNK PTGYGSSSRR APQTGIVDEC CFRSCDLRRL EMYCAPLKPA KSA Molecular Weight 9.1 kDa Class Recombinant Type Protein Purity > 98% by SDS-PAGE gel and HPLC analyses. Endotoxin Concentration <0.1 EU/µg Activity The ED50 was determined by a cell proliferation assay using FDC-P1 cells is = 2.0 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 5 x 105 units/mg. Conjugate Unconjugated Form Lyophilized Contains No Preservative Storage Conditions -20°C CAUTION For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.Protein function: The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation (PubMed:21076856, PubMed:24132240). Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb. Acts as a ligand for IGF1R. Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1 (PubMed:19578119, PubMed:22351760, PubMed:23696648, PubMed:23243309). [The UniProt Consortium]