Citrullinated Interleukin-6 (human, recombinant)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine encoded by the IL6 gene in humans with roles in both the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses. IL-6 is produced in response to an inflammatory event, induces recruitment of neutrophils to the site of inflammation, and signals through the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to upregulate the synthesis of acute phase proteins, lipolysis in the liver, and induced differentiation of T and B cells. Following initiation of this classical signaling pathway, a soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) is released from neutrophils to promote recruitment of monocytes and macrophages, induction of fever via IL-6 action in the hypothalamus, and production of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages to initiate tissue repair. Production of IL-6 is dysregulated in various chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, and giant cell arteritis. It also induces tumor growth and metastasis via activation of JAK/STAT signaling. Recombinant human IL-6 can be citrullinated at arginine residues by protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in vitro. Citrullinated IL-6 and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) reactive with citrullinated IL-6 have been found in synovial fluid and sera, respectively, from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This product contains purified IL-6 (human, recombinant) (Cay-30174) that has been modified with PAD4 enzyme, which is subsequently depleted by affinity chromatography.Synonyms: B Cell Stimulatory Factor 2, BSF-2, CDF, CTL Differentiation Factor, HGF, Hybridoma Growth Factor, IFN-beta2, IL-6, Interferon-beta2. Purity: >85% estimated by SDS-PAGE. Protein Identity Confirmed by Mass Spec: Yes. Endotoxin Testing: <1 EU/µg determined by the LAL assay. Source: Recombinant human N-terminal His-tagged IL-6 expressed in HEK293 cells, citrullinated by PAD4. Amino Acids: 30-212. MW: 20.9 kDa. Formulation: (Request formulation change), 50 mM HEPES, pH 8.0, with 150 mM sodium chloride, 10% glycerol, 2 mM beta-mercaptoethanol. UniProt Accession #: P05231.