Parthenolide

White to light green solid. Soluble in DMSO, ethanol or dichloromethane. Insoluble in water. Anticancer and antiangiogenic compound. Induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and autophagy in various cancer cell lines, At low concentrations acts as antioxidant reducing oxidative stress generated through the TCR signaling pathway. At high concentration induces O2- and causes oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis, Potent anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic agent, NF-kappaB inhibitor by directly targeting IkappaB kinase, Inhibits STAT-mediated anti-apoptotic gene transcription, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Inhibits ATPase activity of NLRP3 and protease activity of caspase 1, Directly binds the pattern recognition receptor NOD2, Specifically inhibits HDAC1 without affecting other class I/II HDACs, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor, Induces ubiquitination of MDM2 resulting in the activation of p53 and other MDM2-regulated tumor suppressor proteins, VEGF inhibitor. Reduces the expression of VEGF and its receptors VEGRF1 and 2, Inhibits tubulin carboxypeptidase (TCP) activity, Microtubule-interfering compound, inhibiting cell migration and tubule formation, Anti-leishmanial and anti-trypanosomal agent, Partial TRPA1 agonist.