GITRL Extracellular Domain (human, recombinant)

Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand (GITRL), also known as TNF superfamily member 18 (TNFSF18), is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the TNF superfamily with roles in adaptive immunity. It is composed of an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal extracellular domain that binds to its receptor GITR (Cay-32017) on T cells to regulate their activity. GITRL is expressed on professional and non-professional antigen-presenting cells, including B cells, monocytes, unstimulated myeloid dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors, as well as microvascular-derived endothelial cells. GITRL co-stimulation increases activation and proliferation of T cell receptor-triggered effector T cells. It also enhances the activity of effector T cells by binding to regulatory T cells and inhibiting their activity. Upregulation of dendritic cell Gitrl levels suppresses regulatory T cell function, enhances effector T cell function, and delays tumor progression in a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model. Serum and synovial fluid levels of GITRL are increased and positively correlated with autoantibody production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Serum levels of GITRL are positively correlated with disease progression in patients with Sjögren syndrome. Cayman's GITRL Extracellular Domain (human, recombinant) protein is a disulfide-linked homodimer. The reduced monomer, comprised of the GITRL extracellular domain (amino acids 72-199) fused to mouse IgG2a Fc at its C-terminus, consists of 361 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 40.9 kDa. As a result of glycosylation, the monomer migrates at approximately 45 kDa by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.Synonyms: AITRL, Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-Related Ligand, TNFSF18, Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 18. Purity: >90% estimated by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin Testing: <1.0 EU/µg, determined by the LAL endotoxin assay. Source: Active recombinant C-terminal mouse IgG2a Fc-tagged human GITRL expressed in HEK293 cells. Amino Acids: 72-199. MW: 40.9 kDa. Formulation: (Request formulation change), Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4. UniProt Accession #: Q9UNG2.