AMPK Complex (alpha1, beta1, and gamma1 subunits, human, recombinant)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase. It is composed of an alpha subunit, two beta subunits, and two gamma subunits. The alpha and beta subunits each have two isoforms, designated as alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2, which differ at residues affected by post-translational modifications, and the gamma subunit has gamma1, gamma2, and gamma3 isoforms. The diversity of isoforms that can comprise the AMPK complex impart differing functions and subcellular localization. AMPK is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes, and AMPK complexes containing an alpha1 subunit are localized to the cytoplasm. AMPK is activated by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit by kinases and/or by AMP or ADP binding to the gamma subunit, which occurs under low energy conditions with high ratios of AMP/ADP to ATP, or an increase in intracellular calcium levels. In this way, AMPK acts as a regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. It can also be activated under conditions of oxidative stress, where it functions as a redox sensor. Its activity is decreased under high energy conditions where ATP, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are plentiful. AMPK is involved via its downstream signaling pathways in lipid and glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, autophagy, and redox regulation, as well as inhibition of inflammatory processes. AMPK activation in vivo reduces adiposity in mice, as well as inhibits proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and reduces tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Cayman's AMPK alpha1, beta1, and gamma1 Subunits (human, recombinant) protein can be used for enzyme activity assay applications. This protein consists of 1,160 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of approximately 146 kDa.Synonyms: AMPK Subunit alpha-1, MGC33776, MGC57364, PRKAA1, AMPK Subunit beta-1, HAMPKb, MGC17785, PRKAB1, AMPK Subunit gamma-1, AMPKG, MGC8666, PRKAG1. Purity: >90% estimated by SDS-PAGE. Source: Active recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged AMPK complex (alpha1, beta1, and gamma1 subunits) expressed in insect cells. Amino Acids: alpha1: 1-559, beta1: 1-270, gamma1: 1-331. MW: ~146 kDa complex (alpha1: 65 kDa, beta1: 38 kDa, gamma1: 31 kDa). Formulation: (Request formulation change), 50 mM Sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, with 300 mM sodium chloride, 150 mM imidazole, 0.25 mM DTT, and 25% glycerol.