alpha-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid

Specific monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor. Inhibits mitochondrial lactate and pyruvate transport. Decreases glycolysis. Useful agent for immunometabolism research. Exhibits antitumoral and antiangiogenic activity in gliomas in vivo, decreases glycolytic metabolism, migration and invasion. Blocks lactate efflux from glioma cells and sensitizes cells to irradiation. Highly malignant tumors rely heavily on aerobic glycolysis (metabolism of glucose to lactic acid even under presence of oxygen, Warburg Effect) and thus need to efflux lactic acid via MCTs to the tumor micro-environment to maintain a robust glycolytic flux and to prevent the tumor from apoptosis. Inhibiting lactic acid efflux is a very effective therapeutic strategy against highly glycolytic malignant tumors. Common organic matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrix.