Enzolution(R) MDA5 ATPase TR-FRET Assay System

The Enzolution(R) MDA5 ATPase Assay System is intended for use with the Transcreener(R) ADP2 Assay Kits to measure the RNA-dependent ATPase activity of MDA5. MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) is a member of the RLR (RIG-I-like receptors) family of immune sensors that bind double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and trigger an IFN1 response in response to microbial infection and tumorigenesis. ADP formation by the ATPase activity of MDA5 can be easily measured by the Transcreener ADP2 assay, a farred, competitive fluorescence assay that enables single addition, mix-and-read detection in a continuous or endpoint format. The assay has been optimized and extensively validated for high throughput screening (HTS) and inhibitor dose response measurements using most multimode plate readers. Protein Function: Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PubMed:28594402, PubMed:32169843, PubMed:33727702). Its ligands include mRNA lacking 2'-O-methylation at their 5' cap and long-dsRNA (>1 kb in length) (PubMed:22160685). Upon ligand binding it associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) which activates the IKK-related kinases: TBK1 and IKBKE which phosphorylate interferon regulatory factors: IRF3 and IRF7 which in turn activate transcription of antiviral immunological genes, including interferons (IFNs), IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. Responsible for detecting the Picornaviridae family members such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), mengo encephalomyocarditis virus (ENMG), and rhinovirus (PubMed:28606988). Detects coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (PubMed:33440148, PubMed:33514628). Can also detect other viruses such as dengue virus (DENV), west Nile virus (WNV), and reovirus. Also involved in antiviral signaling in response to viruses containing a dsDNA genome, such as vaccinia virus. Plays an important role in amplifying innate immune signaling through recognition of RNA metabolites that are produced during virus infection by ribonuclease L (RNase L). May play an important role in enhancing natural killer cell function and may be involved in growth inhibition and apoptosis in several tumor cell lines [The Uniprot Consortium]