Anti-Human PADI4 Antibody Pair

Product Description: Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) is a calcium-dependent enzyme of 663 amino acids and approximately 74 kDa, encoded by the PADI4 gene on chromosome 1p36.13, and is primarily found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of granulocytes such as neutrophils and eosinophils. PADI4 catalyzes the post-translational conversion of arginine residues to citrulline (citrullination), a modification that regulates protein function, notably by deiminating histones H3 and H4, thereby influencing chromatin structure and gene expression. The enzyme functions as an oligomer, binding five calcium ions per subunit, and can undergo autodeimination, which modulates its protein-protein interactions. PADI4 is essential for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through histone citrullination, playing a key role in innate immunity. Dysregulated PADI4 activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, where it generates citrullinated proteins that trigger autoantibody production, and has also been linked to cancer and multiple sclerosis. Protein Function: Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci) (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1: citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance (PubMed:15339660, PubMed:15345777, PubMed:16567635, PubMed:21245532). Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci (PubMed:18209087). Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (By similarity). Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription (PubMed:15345777). Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1 (PubMed:15731352) [The Uniprot Consortium]