Anti-Human Beta Amyloid 1-42 Antibody Pair

Product Description: The Abeta1-42 peptide is a 42-amino acid fragment cleaved from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by secretase enzymes. It is the longer and more amyloidogenic form of the Abeta peptide, compared to the more common Abeta1-40 form. Abeta1-42 has a greater tendency to aggregate and form amyloid fibrils and plaques in the brain, which is a hallmark pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. Increased production and accumulation of Abeta1-42 relative to Abeta1-40 is associated with genetic mutations, certain ApoE alleles, and other as-yet undiscovered factors that increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Measurement of the Abeta1-42 peptide in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, as decreased CSF Abeta1-42 levels indicate increased brain deposition of the peptide.The Abeta1-42/Abeta1-40 ratio in CSF is considered a more sensitive and specific marker of Alzheimer's pathology than Abeta1-42 alone. Protein Function: Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis (PubMed:25122912). Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(o) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1 (By similarity). By acting as a kinesin I membrane receptor, plays a role in axonal anterograde transport of cargo towards synapses in axons (PubMed:17062754, PubMed:23011729). Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu(2+)-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV. The splice isoforms that contain the BPTI domain possess protease inhibitor activity. Induces a AGER-dependent pathway that involves activation of p38 MAPK, resulting in internalization of amyloid-beta peptide and leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cortical neurons. Provides Cu(2+) ions for GPC1 which are required for release of nitric oxide (NO) and subsequent degradation of the heparan sulfate chains on GPC1 , Amyloid-beta peptides are lipophilic metal chelators with metal-reducing activity. Bind transient metals such as copper, zinc and iron. In vitro, can reduce Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) to Cu(+) and Fe(2+), respectively. Amyloid-beta peptides bind to lipoproteins and apolipoproteins E and J in the CSF and to HDL particles in plasma, inhibiting metal-catalyzed oxidation of lipoproteins. Promotes both tau aggregation and TPK II-mediated phosphorylation. Interaction with overexpressed HADH2 leads to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Also binds GPC1 in lipid rafts , More effective reductant than amyloid-beta protein 40. May activate mononuclear phagocytes in the brain and elicit inflammatory responses , Appicans elicit adhesion of neural cells to the extracellular matrix and may regulate neurite outgrowth in the brain , The gamma-CTF peptides as well as the caspase-cleaved peptides, including C31, are potent enhancers of neuronal apoptosis [The Uniprot Consortium]